'For Angela'

In 'For Angela' I think those boys were being stupid and he probably never really thought about what he said but I think he was being really rude and what he said had an effect on both the mother and her daughter because the mother was mad at them. Then to make matters worse her daughter went and cut off her braids because she doesn't want to be and Indian. I think she did that because she doen`t want people to tease her anymore and she wanted to be like the white people because they never got teased, but guessing from what happened it didn't work very well. Actually I think that it made the mother even more mad at those boys because they caused that. I think that this was a very difficult situation for the mother and the daughter because you can't really do anyhting at the time it happens. I think that this never really should have happened and things like these make me sad because to think that humans, civilised or not, would do this to one another and the 'Indian Act' and all those thing the Europeans did to the first nations really scarred the history of mankind.I still wonder today what the world would be like if the Europeans never found North America and what would have happened if that never happened to the first nations. 

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Warren Marrison Essay

Warren Marrison

             If you have ever wondered about how accurate clocks came into the world than you probably want to know about Warren Marrison. Warren has played a large part of our lives. If it was`t for him we probably would have been using pendulums still up to 1980`s. I think that Warren Marrison is a very important person and he changed the world. He didn`t accomplish much as far as his job at Bell telephone Laboratories though.  

            Warren Marrison was born in Inverary,Frontenac,    Ontairio,Canada May12,1896. He was 24 when he went to Queens University in 1920. A year later he graduated with a Masters Degree. He then lived in New York, NY for a year in 1923.Five years later, he was working as a telecommunications engineer for Bell Telephone Laboratories. That year, still 53 years before his death in 1980, was when he made his invention.That is exactly what made him famous in 1927. 

       Warren invented the first working quartz clock in 1927. He made it because he found an opportunity to use his knowledge to make something useful. He made it at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey  and he was working there to try find more reliable frequency standards. He wasn`t famous yet. It took alot of hard work but eventually he found, not reliable frequency standards, but a new way to keep time. At the age of 31, he was working on a previous project when he discovered how quartz produces a steady electric pulse when it is supplied with electricity. 

        The quartz clock is quite simple, really. Although his was much bigger the the ones nowadays but it still works the same way. First the battery supplies power to the circuitry board.It then goes to the quartz oscillator, which is basically a forked piece of quartz inside a sealed container. The quartz then vibrates at precise rates and the circuitry board detects these oscillations and turns them into electrical energy. The electircity goes to a small stepping motor that turns the second hand. All the hands are connected with gears inside and the second hand turns all the other hands. The quartz is what makes it so accurate. Although it is accurate it can still gain or lose time when the surrounding atmosphere changes dramatically.


        The quartz clock is really accurate, but is it accurate enough? It may lose a couple of seconds each month if the temperature keeps changing dramatically. Also when pressure is applied to quartz it creates its own weak electric current. This may also cause the motor to move a little faster than it should, causing the timing to be off at the end of the year. To prevent this, modern watches have the quartz in a sealed container so the pressure is always the same. Although the older clock, using a pendulum, is different. To be accurate the pendulum clock depends on a much more consistent environment than the quartz clock.


      Before Warren Marrison came along there was Galileo Galelei who discovered that a pendulum of a certain length always take the same time to swing no matter how heavy it is or how big a swing it makes. This is how he invented his clock. The pendulum clock relies on gravity. The trouble with a clock like this is that the pendulum will keep stopping. Air resistance and friction will soon use up all its energy and bring it to a halt. Thats why they have springs in them. Every day you wind up the spring inside the clock to store up energy for the next 24 hours. As the spring uncoils it powers gears inside the clock. Through a see-saw mechanism called a escapement the pendulum forces the gears to turn at a precise rate.   


      Of course we would probably have quartz watches or clocks by now but it would have taken longer for someone to discover or invent one. I would have liked to be him in his laboratory working all day tinkering with electronis and designing little clocks and figuring out how they work. I think he was very important to canadian heritage because he helped everyone in the world by providing them with accurate timepieces. Sure, nowaday they changed alot but they are still based on the same thing.

Warren Marrison Brainstorming